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Palliative sedation is a safe and effective treatment for patients that can provide pain relief and relieve symptoms toward the end of their lives.

When patients refuse treatments or procedures against medical advice, a four-step interview process can help you assess their decision-making capacity.

Delirium and agitation can be triggered by a number of underlying issues. Understanding what causes a patient's neurocognitive disorder will help with the management and treatment of this condition.

Breast surgical oncologist Olutayo Sogunro shares her career journey as a surgeon and a Black female. She encourages future physicians not to be afraid of challenges.

Which is more difficult to diagnose, HFpEF or HFrEF? Learn how to differentiate between diastolic and systolic heart failure.

Learn more about how ACE inhibitors, ARBs, heart failure-specific beta-blockers, diuretics, and aldosterone antagonists can be used to treat stage C HFrEF.

You have a patient who just presented to the ER with heart failure. Your first job is to assess their congestion and their perfusion status so you know how to proceed. Learn more about when you should use IV loop diuretics or vasodilators, and when positive inotropes should be employed.

Perfusion and congestion should be quickly assessed in heart failure patients in order to guide treatment. Learn when you should use IV vasodilators and diuretics, and to identify when positive inotropes are indicated.

In many healthcare settings, it is the patient who has to raise the topic of mental health with their provider. Learn how to create a bridge to initiate and screen for depression by administering the PHQ-9.

It is estimated that 10–40% of patients with panic disorder also have mitral valve prolapse. Learn more about how these two conditions can have overlapping physical symptoms.